⛓️ ETH Consensus Research

Deep technical analysis of Ethereum consensus mechanisms, including Gasper, Casper FFG, and the transition to Proof-of-Stake

📖 Research Focus

Our ETH Consensus research explores the theoretical foundations and technical implementations of Ethereum's consensus mechanisms. We focus on peer-reviewed academic papers, protocol specifications, and in-depth analysis of Proof-of-Stake, finality gadgets, and fork-choice rules that secure Ethereum.

🧩 Ethereum Consensus Mechanisms

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Gasper: Combining GHOST and Casper

📄 Academic Paper 🏗️ Ethereum 2.0 Foundation

Technical analysis of Ethereum 2.0's consensus protocol that combines the GHOST (Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree) fork-choice rule with Casper FFG (Friendly Finality Gadget) to achieve both liveness and safety in a proof-of-stake environment.

📊 Read Analysis
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Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget

📄 Academic Paper 👥 Buterin & Griffith

Deep dive into Casper FFG's finality mechanism, exploring how Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus can be overlaid on any fork-choice rule to provide economic finality guarantees through slashing conditions and validator deposits.

📊 Read Analysis

🔒 Cryptoeconomic Security

  • Slashing conditions and penalties
  • Economic finality guarantees
  • Validator incentive mechanisms
  • Long-range attack prevention

⚖️ Consensus Theory

  • Byzantine Fault Tolerance
  • Fork-choice rules
  • Finality gadget design
  • Liveness vs safety trade-offs

🔧 Protocol Implementation

  • Beacon chain architecture
  • Validator client specifications
  • Network synchronization
  • State transition functions